Інна Гнатовська
Кам’янець-Подільський національний
університет імені Івана Огієнка
Науковий керівник: О.О. Добринчук,
кандидат філологічних наук
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ КРЕОЛІЗОВАНИХ ТЕКСТІВ НА УРОКАХ ІНОЗЕМНОЇ МОВИ
The article describes the main features of the use of creolized texts in foreign language lessons, taking into account the needs of modern students. The concept of creolized text is defined, the advantages of creolized texts, their possibilities and didactic potential are considered.
Keywords: creolized text, foreign language lesson, visualization, verbal and nonverbal component.
Особливою формою комунікації, що має на меті вивчення іноземної мови і культури, мова якої вивчається, є навчальний текст, як основна одиниця навчання. Текст сприяє набуттю комунікативної компетенції, тобто комбінації декількох складових: лінгвістичної, дискурсивної, соціокультурної. Проте завдяки стрімкому розвитку комп’ютерних та інформаційних технологій сучасному поколінню стає недостатньо «цікавим» прочитання звичайного кодового тексту. Представники «медійного покоління» все частіше користуються Інтернетом, який майорить барвистими зображеннями, фото, відеосупроводом тощо. Сучасні учні надають перевагу мобільним телефонам та іншим гаджетам, а не друкованим текстам, а головне, «вони є переважно візуалами за типом сприйняття інформації, а отже бачать світ через призму різноманітних «картинок», відеозображень» [1]. Саме тому, на нашу думку, важливим є активне використання на уроках іноземної мови саме креолізованих текстів.
У сучасних дослідженнях переважно розглядається питання використання креолізованих текстів на уроках літератури з метою активізації читацької діяльності учнів. Проте питання використання креолізованих текстів на уроках іноземної мови залишається поза увагою.
У рамках сучасної лінгвістики інтерес до невербальних засобів комунікації значно зріс, що спостерігається у великій кількості досліджень, присвячених семіотично ускладненим, відеовербальним, полікодовим, креолізованим текстам. Це роботи Анісімової Є.Є., Березіна В.М., Зєнкова А.Ю., Каменської О. Л., Лазаревої Є. А., Сорокіна Ю., Нікітіної А.В. І. П. Смірнова та ін.
Найчастіше у сучасній лінгводидактиці використовують визначення креолізованого тексту Є.Є. Анісімової, яка визначала подібні тексти як особливий лінгвовізуальний феномен, текст, в якому вербальний і невербальний компоненти утворюють одне візуальне, структурне, смислове та функціонуюче ціле, що забезпечує його комплексний креолізований вплив на адресата [1, с. 17].
Основними компонентами «класичного» креалізірованного тексту є вербальна складова (вербальний текст, напис/підпис) і візуальна, іконічна, невербальна складова, яка може бути представлена зображеннями/ілюстраціями (фотографією, малюнком, карикатурою тощо), схемами, символічними зображеннями, таблицями, формулами і т.д.
Ми переконані, що матеріал, представлений у вигляді креолізованого тексту, стає зручним при вивченні іноземної мови. Він поєднує в собі текстовий компонент та візуальне зображення, що впливає на різноманітні сигнальні системи учнів. Візуалізований матеріал дає змогу ефективно утримувати уваги учнів на ключових моментах навчального матеріалу, відкриває нові перспективи для реалізації провідних дидактичних принципів у навчанні та створює передумови для підвищення якості й результативності навчання. Доцільність використання креолізованих текстів підтверджується тезою М.Б. Ворошілової про засвоєння інформації: «Інформація, що міститься безпосередньо в текстовому повідомленні, засвоюється лише на 7%, голосові характеристики сприяють засвоєнню 38% інформації, тоді як наявність візуального образу помітно підвищує сприйняття – до 55%. При цьому важливо відзначити, що якщо вербально-представлена інформація впливає на свідомість індивіда раціональним шляхом, то використання різних лінгвістичних засобів автоматично переводить сприйняття на підсвідомий рівень» [2, с. 78].
Існує велика кількість різноманітних видів креолізованих текстів, а саме: комікс, буктрейлер, постери або плакати, буклет або брошура, фотоколаж, логотип, рекламні оголошення, «дуддл», карикатура, скрапбукінг, кардмейкінг, афіша тощо.
Найчастіше на уроках іноземної мови використовують комікси з метою формування комунікативної компетентності. Цьому питання присвячено достатньо науково-методичних доробок, а ось питання використання на уроках іноземної мови інших видів креолізованих текстів залишається невивченим.
Відмінність комікса від інших видів креолізованих текстів полягає у тому, що комікс має сюжет, він повідомляє нам не просто інформацію, а цілу історію, яка представлена у діалогах головних персонажів та доповнюється зображеннями. В той час як, наприклад, афіша або реклама представляють певну інформацію, яку потрібно ще інтерпретувати та пояснити, враховуючи також певні особливості зображальних засобів (колір, розмір шрифту тощо), мовних (типи речення, синтаксис тощо), соціокультурних тощо.
Не зважаючи на те, що комікси володіють величезним дидактичним потенціалом, не усі вони можуть використовуватися на уроках іноземної мови. Так само й інші види креолізованих текстів повинні відповідати певним вимогам, як-от: вікові особливості школярів, комунікативно-пізнавальна та соціокультурна цінність текстів, доступність, зрозумілість, актуальність тощо. Так як креолізовані тексти переважно є автентичними, то потрібно також враховувати, що в них зустрічатимуться і фонова лексика, і культурні реалії, і розмовна лексика й інші мовні особливості, що можуть ускладнювати розуміння таких текстів не носіями мови.
До переваг креолізованих текстів належать також їх лаконічність, невеликий обсяг та актуальність тем. Будучи носієм конкретної інформації, невербальні засоби намагаються привернути увагу адресата, а повна експлікація інформації з тексту стає неможливою без їх декодування та інтерпретації. Отже, перед учнями постає певна «загадка», «ребус», які потрібно не лише прочитати, але й розгадати. При правильно підібраному матеріалі креалізовані тексти можуть також стати чудовим мотиватором до вивчення іноземної мови.
Враховуючи той факт, що у креолізованих текстах велику роль відіграє графічне зображення, це також спонукає до розвитку креативних здібностей учнів. Школярі самі можуть створювати матеріал в яскравій формі, використовуючи не лише творчу фантазію, а й при цьому розвиваючи свою мовленнєву компетентність (наприклад, підібрати ілюстрацію до фразеологізму, потренувати певні граматичні навички, закріпити лексичний матеріал, описати подію, інструкцію тощо).
Підсумовуючи, зазначимо, що сучасні учні вимагають не менш сучасних підходів до навчання. Вчителю потрібно враховувати потреби та вимоги «медійного покоління». Креолізовані тексти володіють гарним дидактичним потенціалом для вивчення іноземної мови, якщо при цьому правильно, з методичної точки зору, їх дидактизувати.
Література
- Анисимова Е.Е. Лингвистика текста и межкультурная коммуникация (на материале креолизованных текстов): учеб. пособие для студ. фак. иностр. яз. вузов. М. : Издательский центр «Академия», 2003. 128 с.
- Ворошилова М. Б. Креолизованный текст в политическом дискурсе. Политическая лингвистика. Вып. (3) 23. С. 73-78.
- Ісаєва Олена. Креолізований текст на уроках світової літератури як фактор активізації читацької діяльності. URL : http://ozonlit.in.ua/kreolizovanyj-tekst-na-urokah-svitovoji-literatury-yak-faktor-aktyvizatsiji-chytatskoji-diyalnosti/ (дата звернення: 15.03.2021).
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