Кубик Єлизавета
(Вінницький державний педагогічний університет імені М. Коцюбинського)
Наук. керівник – к. пед. наук Т.В. Глазунова
КОМУНІКАТИВНА ФУНКЦІЯ ТА ЇЇ РОЛЬ У НАВЧАННІ ІНОЗЕМНИХ МОВ
Мова – найважливіший засіб людського спілкування, соціальне явище, яке виконує безліч функцій у житті суспільства.
Саме слово «функція» (від лат. Functio – «виконання») має декілька значень. Вона є багатозначним лінгвістичним поняттям. На думку деяких філологів, цей термін має декілька значень у науці про мову. В.А. Аврорін стверджує, що поняття мовної функції можна визначити як «практичний прояв сутності мови, реалізація її призначення в системі лінгвістичних явищ, специфічна дія мови, без якої вона не може існувати [4].
В. Кук визначає функцію мови як цілі, для якої люди використовують мову, Томас розглядає мовні функції як комунікативні функції, що беруть участь в усному, інтерактивному або дискурсивному обміні, Сото-Хінман та Гецель сприймають їх як різні завдання, що виконуються за допомогою мови, тоді як Грін стверджує, що мовні функції – це соціальні дії, які люди можуть здійснити лише за допомогою мови. Прихильники мовних функцій могли визначити термін різними способами, однак кожне визначення стверджує активну концепцію, яка робить мову корисною та цілеспрямованою [2].
Нині проблема функцій є обширною. М. Халлідей пов’язує функції мови з формальним апаратом їх вираження; водночас ситуаційний контекст має значний вплив на формування висловлювань та на функціонування мовної системи. Провідною функцією мови є її комунікативна функція, саме вона дозволяє одній особі – мовцеві – висловлювати свої думки, а іншій – розуміти їх, реагувати, брати до відома, змінювати свою поведінку.
Комунікативна функція мови реалізується на основі того, що сама мова є системою знаків, поєднаних між собою за певними правилами, завдяки яким людська думка виражається та сприймається.
Мова – це комунікативна система, яка дозволяє висловлювати велику кількість думок та ідей, використовуючи мінімальний набір слів та граматичних засобів. Комунікативна функція виражає думки людей через призму мовлення і цим самим вона перетворюється на соціальне явище [4].
Найголовнішим аспектом комунікативної компетентності є використання різноманітних функцій. До таких функцій належать: запит інформації, пояснення, вибачення, прохання, скарга, комплімент, пропозиція, вдячність. Зрозуміло, що знання мовних функції дозволяє правильно інтерпретувати та реагувати на те, що говорять інші. Більш того, це дозволяє засвоювати моделі спілкування, необхідні для висловлення своїх ідей, визначати мовні вимоги до конкретних завдань, і, зрештою, збільшувати використання складних речень [2].
Мова є життєво важливим інструментом, який дозволяє обмінюватися думками, командувати, вибачатися, пояснювати, прохати, попереджати, запрошувати та приймати запрошення, а також закріплювати абстрактну думку конкретними словами. Лінгвісти давно намагаються класифікувати незліченні способи використання мови таким чином, щоб застосовувати повний обсяг комунікативної функції мови [3].
Можна дійти до висновку, що використання функціонального аспекту мови та комунікативної функції допомагає учням спілкуватися цільовою мовою у їх повсякденному житті. Як правило, при комунікативному навчанні мови використовується автентичний матеріал, оскільки важливо надати учням розуміння того, як насправді може використовуватися мова поза класом. Таким чином, учні беруть участь у реальних життєвих ситуаціях, які вимагають спілкування. При такому підході вчитель створює ситуацію, в якій учні будуть залучені до реального життя [1, с. 472].
Література
- Azimova S. The Communicative Approach in English Language Teaching // Бюллетень науки и практики. 2019. Т. 5. No4. С. 471-475.
- Casts Janet, Hufana Esther R.. Language Functions in ESL Textbooks, Tesol International Journal, 2016.
- Ellis, R. (2016.) Grammar Teaching as Consciousness Raising, in Hinkel, E. (ed.) Teaching Grammar to Speakers of Other Languages. Routledge,New York.
- Korneeva Alyona , Kosacheva Tatyana and Parpura Oxana. Functions of language in the social context, 2019.
Дякую за таку цікаву та пізнавальну статтю про комунікативну функцію. Чи могли б ви дати декілька порад про те, як допомогти дітям подолати мовний бар’єр під час проведення уроків, якщо такий існує? Дякую,
Авторка розмістила у своєму дослідженні вичерпну та ґрунтовну інформацію. Погоджуюсь, що комунікативна компетентість важлива для розуміння культурної свідомості, критичного мислення, комунікативної етики. На жаль, використання автентичних матеріалів у навчальних закладах не є доволі поширеним.
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